YAG laser iridotomy is a minimally invasive eye procedure used to treat or prevent narrow-angle glaucoma. This type of glaucoma occurs when the drainage angle of the eye becomes blocked, leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve. The procedure uses a Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) laser to create a small hole in the iris, improving fluid drainage and reducing the risk of glaucoma-related vision loss.
Why is YAG Laser Iridotomy Needed?
The eye contains a fluid called aqueous humor, which flows through the pupil and drains through the trabecular meshwork in the drainage angle. In some people, the iris is too close to the drainage area, restricting fluid Glaucoma outflow and increasing eye pressure. This condition, known as angle-closure glaucoma or narrow angles, can lead to:
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma – A sudden and severe rise in eye pressure, which is a medical emergency.
- Chronic angle-closure glaucoma – A slow, progressive form that can lead to permanent vision loss.
YAG laser iridotomy helps prevent these conditions by improving the fluid outflow in the eye.
Who Needs YAG Laser Iridotomy?
An eye doctor may recommend the procedure for patients with:
- Narrow angles detected during an eye exam.
- High risk of angle-closure glaucoma, particularly in older adults, women, or those with hyperopia (farsightedness).
- A history of acute angle-closure glaucoma in one eye, to prevent it in the other eye.
- Mild to moderate angle-closure glaucoma that needs pressure reduction.
How is YAG Laser Iridotomy Performed?
The procedure is performed in a doctor’s office or an outpatient clinic and usually takes 5 to 10 minutes per eye.
Step-by-Step Process
- Eye Preparation
- Numbing eye drops are applied to prevent discomfort.
- A pilocarpine eye drop is used to shrink the pupil, making the iris thinner for easier laser penetration.
- A special contact lens is placed on the eye to focus the laser.
- Laser Treatment
- The doctor directs the YAG laser at the iris to create a tiny opening.
- Multiple laser pulses may be required to complete the procedure.
- Post-Procedure Care
- Patients may experience mild discomfort, light sensitivity, or blurry vision for a few hours.
- Anti-inflammatory eye drops are prescribed to reduce swelling.
- Follow-up visits ensure proper healing and pressure reduction.
Risks and Side Effects
YAG laser iridotomy is generally safe, but some patients may experience:
⚠ Temporary blurred vision
⚠ Light sensitivity or glare
⚠ Mild eye irritation
⚠ Small risk of increased eye pressure (IOP spike)
⚠ Rare complications, such as corneal damage or bleeding
Effectiveness of YAG Laser Iridotomy
The procedure successfully prevents angle-closure glaucoma in most patients. However, some people may still require eye drops or additional treatments to manage their eye pressure.
YAG laser iridotomy is a quick and effective procedure that helps prevent sight-threatening glaucoma by improving fluid drainage in the eye. If diagnosed with narrow angles or at risk of angle-closure glaucoma, discussing this treatment with an eye specialist can help protect long-term vision.